IEC 61850

IEC 61850

IEC 61850 protocol

Protocol description


The IEC 61850 protocol is an IEC standard designed for communication with Intelligent Electronic Devices (

IED) at electrical substations (breakers, protections, transformers, switches, etc).

The IEC 61850 protocol is - like IEC 60870-6 ICCP/TASE.2 - based on the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) and therefore the implementation in the D2000 KOM process uses a common MMS framework.

Implementation of the IEC 61850 protocol in the D2000 system supports this functionality:

  1. Periodic reading of values (polling)

  2. Reading of values from predefined Datasets made available in predefined Information Reports - both buffered and unbuffered

  3. Reading of array elements which are simple values

  4. Writing to simple types of values (writing to structures is not implemented yet)

  5. Writing to array elements of which are simple values

  6. Writing - control according to the "Select Before Operate With Enhanced Security" model

  7. Browsing - when communication is established, the following items can be browsed:

    • logical devices within a physical device (in the station address configuration)

    • objects located within the logical device (in the I/O tag configuration)

    • reports located within the logical device (in the I/O tag configuration)

There is no support for the processing of GOOSE and GSSE reports.

The ISO over TCP/IP transmission layer is implemented according to the RFC 1006 specification.

The protocol was tested with:

Note for ABB SPA-ZC 400: when adding objects to the dataset (in Communication Enginering Tool for SPA-ZC40x), it is necessary to check the option "Export Datasets DO Level" so that the entire object (e.g. Pos) is added as one structured variable (otherwise, its components are added as independent report items, e.g. Pos$stVal, Pos$q, Pos$t).

Communication line configuration


  • Communication line category: TCP/IP-TCP.

  • TCP Parameters:

    • Host: string max. 80 characters – server name in INET format (a name or numerical address a.b.c.d) 

    • Port: TCP port number (0 to 65535), port 102 is used by default.

    • Line number: not used, set to 1

A valid hostname or IP address of the device must be entered according to the rules above.

The port number where the device is listening must also be entered. The ISO over TCP/IP standard uses port 102.

In the case of redundant systems, it is also possible to enter multiple comma-separated names/addresses. When the connection is broken, the communication process will again attempt to establish a connection to the device at the specified address. If the attempt is unsuccessful, then the process tries to establish a connection to the next address. This is repeated cyclically until the connection with one server is established.

Communication line protocol parameters


Communication lines - configuration dialog box - tab Protocol parameters.
These parameters influence some optional parameters of the protocol. You can define the following parameters:

Table 1

Parameter

Meaning

Unit / Type

Default value

Parameter

Meaning

Unit / Type

Default value

Address parameters of the local side (D2000 KOM process)

Local TSEL (hex)

Octet string that represents the local Transport Selector. It identifies Transport SAP. The maximum size is 32 octets (64 ASCII-encoded hexadecimal digits).

octet string

00 01

Local SSEL (hex)

Octet string that represents the local Session Selector. It identifies Session SAP. The maximum size is 16 octets (32 ASCII-encoded hexadecimal digits).

octet string

00 01

Local PSEL (hex)

Octet string that represents the local Presentation Selector. It identifies Presentation SAP. The maximum size is 16 octets (32 ASCII-encoded hexadecimal digits).

octet string

00 00 00 01

Local AP Title

The Local Application Process Title is an identifier that is assigned by an address manager. It represents a specific application process.

string

1.3.9999.1

Local AE Qualifier

Integer value used to identify the local Application Entity.

string

1

Address parameters of the remote side (the IED device)

Remote TSEL (hex)

Octet string that represents the remote Transport Selector. It identifies Transport SAP. The maximum size is 32 octets (64 ASCII-encoded hexadecimal digits).

octet string

00 01

Remote SSEL (hex)

Octet string that represents the remote Session Selector. It identifies Session SAP. The maximum size is 16 octets (32 ASCII-encoded hexadecimal digits).

octet string

00 01

Remote PSEL (hex)

Octet string that represents the remote Presentation Selector. It identifies Presentation SAP. The maximum size is 16 octets (32 ASCII-encoded hexadecimal digits).

octet string

00 00 00 01

Remote AP Title

Remote Application Process Title is an identifier that is assigned by an address manager. It represents a specific application process.

string

1.3.9999.1

Remote AE Qualifier

Integer value used to identify the remote Application Entity.

string

1

Common address parameters

Bilateral Table ID

Name of the bilateral table. In the case of IEC 61850, this can be an empty string.

-

 

Max MMS Message Size

Maximum size of MMS messages.
Some ABB devices need to increase this parameter (e.g. to 100,000) because they do not support sending a list of objects (GetNameList message) in parts.

bytes

32000

Max Requests Pending

Maximum proposed transactions that could be sent and unacknowledged. The value can be reduced if the other party suggests a lower value at negotiation.

1 .. 32

5

Max Indications Pending

Maximum proposed transactions that could be received without sending an acknowledgment. The parameter value is sent to the other party.
If the IED device is on a remote network segment, we recommend increasing the value of the parameter to suppress the effect of latency.

1 .. 32

5

Max Nesting Level

The maximum level of nesting for MMS data structures.

1 .. 10

5

ISO TPDU Size

The maximum packet size for "ISO over TCP" protocol level (according to RFC 1006)

8192/4096/2048/1024/512/256/128 bytes

1024  bytes

Heartbeat

Timer, which permits the sending of an ICCP message Identify request to the communicating party to find out the validity of TCP/IP connection. To enable the timer a nonzero value must be specified. If the connection was aborted on the TCP/IP level, fast detection ensures its faster restoration.
This parameter is recommended in situations when transmitting data via large networks or when a small amount of data is transmitted via the active connection. The value 0 (implicit) turns off the HeartBeat timer. A positive value means the seconds to send a Heartbeat message. If any message is sent, the Heartbeat timer is reset and the Heartbeat message is sent only after a timeout elapses without any communication between partners.

sec

0

Retry Delay

Delay inserted before repeated attempts to establish the connection after it has been broken. If the connection should be restored as fast as possible, set a small value or 0 seconds.

sec

10 sec

Inter Read Timeout

Maximum waiting time to receive TCP data. After this timeout elapses, the possible requirements (data) for sending to a communicating party are checked.
As communication is executed via one thread, the high value can reduce the speed of interaction with the party. The recommended value is 50 to 150 milliseconds.

msec

100 msec

Parallel Stations

The parameter activates creating TCP connections for each station. If the device supports multiple clients, communication can be parallelized.
If the parameter is set to NO, a single TCP connection will be created for all communication stations.

YES/NO

NO

Map IEC 61850 flags

The way IEC 61850 flags are mapped into D2000 flags A .. M.

IEC 61850 protocol has quality flags mapped into 13 bits of the Quality attribute, details are given in the description of the parameter Quality Index:

Mapping can be:

  • None - flags A .. M are not set

  • Simple - Quality attribute directly maps to flags A .. M

Note: after the change of this parameter we recommend a restart of the KOM process or communication partner so that all values come into the system with properly set flags.

None
/
Simple

None

Report Trigger Options

The setting of Trigger parameters used to trigger reports (TrgOps). The following bits are used according to the standard (the numbering is from the highest bit, which is bit 0):

  • bit 0 - reserved

  • bit 1 - data-change

  • bit 2 - quality-change

  • bit 3 - data-update

  • bit 4 - integrity

  • bit 5 - general-interrogation

The default value is 0x74 (all bits are active except integrity - this is activated if the parameter Integrity Period is specified in the report configuration.
Note: ABB Substation Management Unit COM600 required 0x64, it did not support bit 3 - data-update.

1-byte octet string

74

Additional Browse Items

The parameter enables specifying additional names of objects to query during browsing for I/O tags. Names must be separated by a space, e.g. "Obj1 Obj2". This makes it possible to handle the situation when IED deliberately does not list some objects in the GetNameList-Response message (response to a requested list of objects within a logical device).
Note: The ABB Substation Management Unit COM600 required parameter setting to LLN0 - this object was not propagated but it was important (it contained e.g. buffered and unbuffered reports).

 

 

Authentication Type

Type of authentication. These types of authentication are supported:

  • None - no authentication

  • Password - password-based authentication. The password is transmitted unencrypted within ISO 8650-1 OSI Association Control Service layer.

None
Password

None

Password

Password used if Authentication Type = Password

string

 

Write settings

Write Mode - Select/Execute

Method of writing for WriteType of SelectWithValue, Operate, Cancel, and TimeActivatedOperate types:

  • One structured write - one request is generated with a single write for all items of the control structure.

  • Multiple simple writes - one request is generated with several writes for individual components of the control structure ($ctlVal, $origin$orCat, $origin$orIdent, $ctlNum, $T, $Test, $Check, and optionally $operTm)

 

One structured write

Control - Originator Category

Parameter Originator Category ($origin$orCat) for WriteType of SelectWithValue, Operate, Cancel, and TimeActivatedOperate types. The parameter is a numeric value representing the category of the device performing the write:

  • 0 - not-supported

  • 1 - bay-control

  • 2 - station-control

  • 3 - remote-control

  • 4 - automatic-bay

  • 5- automatic-station

  • 6- automatic-remote

  • 7 - maintenance

  • 8 - process

 

0

Control - Originator Identifier

Parameter Originator Identifier ($origin$orIdent) for WriteType of SelectWithValue, Operate, Cancel, and TimeActivatedOperate types. The parameter is a text identifier of the device that performs the write.

 

D2000

Debug settings

Debug I/O binary packets info

Enables debug information on the level of binary packets. See Note 1.

YES/NO

NO

Debug ISO packet level info

Enables debug information on the ISO OSI layer. See Note 1.

YES/NO

NO

Debug MMS level info

Enables debug information on the MMS data level. See Note 1.

YES/NO

NO

Full IEC61850 level info

Enables debug information on the top level of IEC 61850 data. See Note 1.

YES/NO

NO

Incoming values info

Enables detailed debug information about incoming values (data values). See Note 1.

YES/NO

NO

Outgoing values info

Enables detailed debug information about outgoing values (data values). See Note 1.

YES/NO

NO

Note 1

If all debug info is enabled, it could cause an overload of a communication workstation and a decrease of the data transfer rate from IED to D2000. After the communication is tuned and debugged, we recommend minimizing the amount of debugging information.

Communication station configuration


  • Communication protocol "IEC 61850".

  • Polling parameters are used for reading I/O tags of the "Periodically polled value" type.

  • The protocol does not support time synchronization.

  • in the Time parameters tab, monotonic UTC time (with offset 0) should be set, as IEC 61850 uses UTC-based timestamps (unless a specific implementation is non-compliant with this part of the standard).

Station address

Img. No. 1, Station address

The station corresponds to one logical device. In one physical device, one or more logical devices can be defined. The domain is the name of the logical device values which we want to read. Multiple stations can be on one line. For each station, a dedicated TCP connection to a defined physical device will be created.

The Browse button enables getting a list of logical devices (if the KOM process is running and communication is established). For Browsing functionality, the device must implement support for getNameList request with the parameter ObjectClass = DOMAIN.

Station protocol parameters


Communication station - configuration dialog box - tab Protocol parameters.
These parameters influence some optional parameters of the protocol. You can set the following station parameters:

Table 2

Object group

Parameter

Meaning

Unit / size

 

Interpretation of quaternary values

QERR Value

Interpretation of Quaternary value Error from the received integer value or from 2-bit State value.

0, 1, 2, 3

3 (11 binary)

QOFF Value

Interpretation of Quaternary value Off from the received integer value or from 2-bit State value.

0, 1, 2, 3

2 (10 binary)

QON Value

Interpretation of Quaternary value On from the received integer value or from 2-bit State value.

0, 1, 2, 3

1 (01 binary)

QTRANS Value

Interpretation of Quaternary value Transient/Moving from the received integer value or from 2-bit State value. 

0, 1, 2, 3

0 (00 binary)


I/O tag configuration


Permitted I/O tag types: Ai, AoCi, CoDi, Dout, TiA, ToA, TiR, ToR, Qi, TxtI, TxtO

I/O tag address


Img. No. 2, I/O tag address (Data Value)

The configuration of the I/O tag address requires the following data: